Table of Contents
Overview
Shoulder joint (anterior/posterior views) In this image, we can see many of the ligaments that reinforce the joint. Glenohumeral ligaments form the articular capsule and connect the humeral head to the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The coracohumeral ligament connects the coracoid process of the scapula with the greater tubercle of the humerus and reinforces the superior portion of the glenohumeral articular capsule. We can also see the transverse humeral ligament that extends between the lesser and greater tubercles which stabilizes the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle. Lastly, the joint is also stabilized by four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis muscles (faded)) collectively known as the rotator cuff which form a musculotendinous sleeve around the joint.
Keypoints
| Joint type | Synovial ball-and-socket joint |
| Articular surfaces | Glenoid fossa of scapula, head of humerus |
| Ligaments | Superior glenohumeral, middle glenohumeral, inferior glenohumeral, coracohumeral, transverse humeral |
| Important muscles | Rotator cuff muscles: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
| Functions | Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, lateral/external rotation, medial/internal rotation and circumduction |
Atlas of Glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
Head of humerus (Caput humeri)
anterior view
Glenoid fossa of scapula (Fossa glenoidalis scapulae)
anterior view
Glenohumeral ligaments (Ligamenta glenohumeralia)
anterior view
Coracohumeral ligament (Ligamentum coracohumerale)
anterior view
Coracoacromial ligament (Ligamentum coracoacromiale)
anterior view
Transverse humeral ligament (Ligamentum transversum humeri)
anterior view
Supraspinatus muscle (Musculus supraspinatus)
posterior view
Infraspinatus muscle (Musculus infraspinatus)
posterior view
Teres minor muscle (Musculus teres minor)
posterior view
Teres minor muscle (Musculus teres minor)
anterior view
Subscapularis muscle (Musculus subscapularis)
anterior view
Teres major muscle (Musculus teres major)
anterior view
Subdeltoid & subacromial bursae (Bursa subdeltoidea & Bursa subacromialis)
anterior view
Subdeltoid & subacromial bursae (Bursa subdeltoidea & Bursa subacromialis)
posterior view
Glenoid fossa of scapula (Fossa glenoidalis scapulae)
right lateral view
Glenoid labrum of scapula (Labrum glenoidale scapulae)
right lateral view
Articular capsule of glenohumeral joint (Capsula articularis glenohumeralis)
right lateral view
Coracohumeral ligament (Ligamentum coracohumerale)
right lateral view
Coracoacromial ligament (Ligamentum coracoacromiale)
right lateral view
Superior glenohumeral ligament (Ligamentum glenohumerale superius)
right lateral view
Middle glenohumeral ligament (Ligamentum glenohumerale medius)
right lateral view
Inferior glenohumeral ligament (Ligamentum glenohumerale inferius)
right lateral view
Supraspinatus muscle (Musculus supraspinatus)
right lateral view
Infraspinatus muscle (Musculus infraspinatus)
right lateral view
Teres minor muscle (Musculus teres minor)
right lateral view
Subscapularis muscle (Musculus subscapularis)
right lateral view
Teres major muscle (Musculus teres major)
right lateral view
Long head of triceps brachii muscle (Caput longum musculi tricipitis brachii)
right lateral view
Long head of biceps brachii muscle (Caput longum musculi bicipitis brachii)
right lateral view
Subdeltoid & subacromial bursae (Bursa subdeltoidea & Bursa subacromialis)
right lateral view
Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis muscle (Bursa subtendinea musculi subscapularis)
right lateral view
Reference
- https://kenhub.com
